TSMC alerts U.S. to possible AI chip sanctions breach by Huawei

The United States introduced controls in 2022 that severely restricts any exports of AI chips to China. Two years later, TSMC is warning that there was an attempt to break those rules.

TSMC told the US Commerce Department that a customer had placed an order for chips that seemingly breached the sanctions, reports Reuters. The customer attempted to order a chip that was similar in design to the Ascend 910B, a processor designed by Huawei.

This chip in particular was made to be used for large language model training, a process in AI production.

TSMC, the Commerce Department, and Huawei did not respond to comment requests from the publication.

Probe timing

The alert to the Commerce Department arrives at a time when TSMC faces a probe into a very similar situation.

On October 18, it was revealed that the Commerce Department was investigating a potential sanctions breach by TSMC. A block in 2020 prevented Huawei from accessing components from U.S. companies without approval from the Department.

The rules also prevented access to chips made using U.S.-sourced equipment. This includes TSMC, which uses such hardware to produce its chips.

The probe was intended to determine if TSMC had made smartphone or AI chips for Huawei. This was apparently via an intermediary firm that masked Huawei as its client, with the probe determining if TSMC had performed enough checks on the client before production began.

If the probe found TSMC had broken sanctions, it faces penalties including sanctions of its own. The latter could be more damaging, as it could directly impact the production of chips for clients, which includes Apple.

Sanctions against TSMC would force Apple to find another chip supplier to work with for its products. This is a dire prospect for Apple in the short term, as the complexities of chip production means there's no easy way to quickly spin up manufacturing with another foundry.

In the worst case scenario, this could mean a period when Apple will have severely constrained chip supplies as it transitions between suppliers. This in turn would hurt production of all of its products, including the iPhone.